In this blog, we’ll explore the key shifts in UK immigration post-Brexit, the implications for various categories of migrants, and what the future holds for immigration policy in the UK.
1. The End of Freedom of Movement for EU Citizens
One of the most significant changes post-Brexit is the end of the free movement of people between the UK and EU member states. Prior to Brexit, EU nationals had the right to live, work, and study in the UK without the need for a visa. This was part of the EU’s commitment to the four freedoms, which allowed citizens to move freely across member states.
However, with the end of the transition period on December 31, 2020, this arrangement came to a close, and EU nationals now face the same immigration requirements as individuals from non-EU countries.
What Does This Mean for EU Nationals?
- New Visa Requirements: EU citizens who wish to live, work, or study in the UK now need to apply for a visa under the new immigration system, which is primarily based on a points-based model.
- Settled Status: EU nationals who were already living in the UK before December 31, 2020, had the option to apply for settled status under the EU Settlement Scheme, which allows them to remain in the country with similar rights to before. The deadline for applications was June 30, 2021, though late applications can still be made in certain circumstances.
The shift has been a major change for both UK residents and EU citizens, marking a departure from the open borders that characterized the previous era of EU membership.
2. Introduction of the Points-Based Immigration System
In response to Brexit, the UK introduced a points-based immigration system, which treats EU and non-EU citizens equally when applying for visas. This system is designed to prioritize high-skilled workers and those who can contribute to the UK’s economy, while reducing reliance on low-skilled labor from abroad.
How the Points-Based System Works
Under the new system, applicants must earn a specific number of points to be eligible for a visa. Points are awarded based on factors such as:
- Job Offer: A valid job offer from an approved employer in the UK.
- Salary: The level of salary offered, with higher salaries earning more points.
- English Language Proficiency: Proof of a certain level of proficiency in English.
- Qualifications: Higher educational qualifications and specific skills, such as a Ph.D. in a relevant field, earn additional points.
To be eligible for a skilled worker visa, applicants must score at least 70 points. The system aims to attract talented workers to the UK, especially in sectors that are facing skills shortages, such as healthcare, engineering, and technology.
3. Changes to the Work Visa System
In the post-Brexit landscape, the UK has made significant changes to its work visa system, which is now focused on attracting skilled workers from around the world.
Skilled Worker Visa
The Skilled Worker visa is the most common route for non-EU and EU nationals seeking to work in the UK. This visa requires applicants to have a job offer from a licensed sponsor, a salary that meets the minimum threshold, and the required English language proficiency.
- Salary Threshold: The minimum salary requirement for a Skilled Worker visa is generally £26,200 per year or £10.75 per hour. However, there are exceptions for certain occupations with skills shortages, where the salary requirement may be lower.
- Health and Care Workers: The UK government has introduced a special visa for health and care workers, which provides a streamlined process for those working in the healthcare sector. This visa is designed to address the staffing shortages in the NHS and other health services.
Global Talent Visa
The Global Talent visa is aimed at attracting the world’s top talent in fields such as science, engineering, technology, arts, and academia. This visa offers flexibility, as it does not require a job offer, and holders can work for any employer or be self-employed. Applicants must be endorsed by a recognized organization, such as a research institute or a cultural body.
Shortage Occupation List
The UK’s Shortage Occupation List is a list of professions where there are not enough workers in the UK to fill job vacancies. Skilled workers in these sectors, such as healthcare professionals, IT specialists, and engineers, may benefit from lower salary thresholds or faster processing times when applying for work visas.
4. Impact on International Students
Post-Brexit, the UK remains a popular destination for international students. The introduction of the Student visa has made it easier for students from both EU and non-EU countries to study in the UK. The new system allows students to work part-time during their studies and to stay in the UK for two years after completing their degree (a post-study work visa). This is particularly attractive to students who wish to gain work experience in the UK after completing their studies.
Additionally, the UK government has taken steps to make the visa application process smoother, including:
- Reducing the minimum financial requirement for students
- Expanding post-graduation work options for international students
These changes have been designed to bolster the UK’s position as a leading destination for global talent and educational exchange.
5. The Future of UK Immigration
The future of UK immigration remains a topic of debate and ongoing policy development. While the points-based system has been successful in attracting high-skilled talent, some industries, particularly agriculture, hospitality, and construction, have raised concerns about the reduced availability of low-skilled workers from the EU.
The government has suggested that it will continue to focus on creating a more sustainable immigration system that meets the needs of the UK labor market, but it will be necessary to strike a balance between attracting skilled workers and ensuring that sectors reliant on lower-skilled labor are not left behind.
Conclusion: Embracing a New Era
The UK’s post-Brexit immigration system marks the end of an era of free movement and the beginning of a new era focused on high-skilled migration. While this shift presents challenges, it also creates opportunities for talented individuals from around the world to contribute to the UK’s economy and society.
For those looking to work, study, or settle in the UK, understanding the intricacies of the new immigration policies is crucial. As the UK continues to adapt to the changes brought about by Brexit, there will likely be further adjustments to the immigration system, so staying informed and prepared is key to navigating this new landscape.
Ultimately, the UK’s post-Brexit immigration strategy is one that aims to secure the country’s future prosperity while ensuring that immigration policies are both fair and efficient in meeting the demands of a changing world.